On grammatical class:
- ba'i
- basti modal, 1st place
replaced by ...
- bai
- bapli modal, 1st place (forced by)
forcedly; compelled by force ...
- bau
- bangu modal, 1st place
in language ...
- be'i
- benji modal, 1st place (sender)
sent by ...
- ca'i
- catni modal, 1st place
by authority of ...
- cau
- claxu modal, 1st place
lacked by ...
- ci'e
- ciste modal, 1st place used in scalar negation
in system/context ...
- ci'o
- cinmo modal, 1st place
emotionally felt by ...
- ci'u
- ckilu modal, 1st place
on the scale ...
- cu'u
- cusku modal, 1st place (attribution/quotation)
as said by source ...; used for quotation.
- de'i
- detri modal, 1st place (for letters)
dated ... ; attaches date stamp.
- di'o
- diklo modal, 1st place
in the location of ...
- do'e
- elliptical/unspecified modal.
- du'i
- dunli modal, 1st place (equalled by)
equally; as much as ...
- du'o
- djuno modal, 1st place (info source)
authoritatively; according to ...; known by ...
- fa'e
- fatne modal, 1st place
backwards; reverse of ...
- fau
- fasnu modal, 1st place (non-causal)
in the event of ...
- fi'e
- finti modal, 1st place (creator)
created by ...
- ga'a
- zgana modal, 1st place
to observer ... ; witnessed by ...
- gau
- gasnu modal, 1st place agent/actor case tag
with active agent ...
- ja'e
- jalge modal, 1st place
resultingly; therefore result ...
- ja'i
- javni modal, 1st place (by standard 1)
orderly; by rule ...
- ji'e
- jimte modal, 1st place
limitedly; up to limit ...
- ji'o
- jitro modal, 1st place (control)
controlledly; under direction of ...
- ji'u
- jicmu modal, 1st place (assumptions);
given that ...; based on ...
- ka'a
- klama modal, 1st place
gone to by ...
- ka'i
- krati modal, 1st place
represented by ...
- kai
- ckaji modal, 1st place
characterizing ...
- ki'i
- ckini modal, 1st place (related to)
relatively; as a relation of ...
- ki'u
- krinu modal, 1st place (justified by)
justifiably; because of reason ...
- koi
- korbi modal, 1st place (bordered by)
bounded by ...
- ku'u
- kulnu modal, 1st place
in culture ...
- la'u
- klani modal, 1st place (amount)
quantifying ...; being a quantity of ...
- le'a
- klesi modal, 1st place (scalar set)
in/of category ...
- li'e
- lidne modal, 1st place
preceded by ...; non-time sequencing.
- ma'e
- marji modal, 1st place
material in object/substance ...
- ma'i
- manri modal, 1st place (by standard 2)
in reference frame ...
- mau
- zmadu modal, 1st place (a greater)
exceeded by ... ; usually a sumti modifier.
- me'a
- mleca modal, 1st place (a lesser)
undercut by ... ; usually a sumti modifier.
- me'e
- cmene modal, 1st place (requires quote)
with name ...; so-called ...
- mu'i
- mukti modal, 1st place
because of motive ...
- mu'u
- mupli modal, 1st place
exemplified by ...
- ni'i
- nibli modal, 1st place
logically; logically because ...
- pa'a
- panra modal, 1st place (parallel; shared property) similarly; in addition to ...
- pa'u
- pagbu modal, 1st place
having component ...
- pi'o
- pilno modal, 1st place
used by ...
- po'i
- porsi modal, 1st place (in order)
sequentially; in the sequence ...
- pu'a
- pluka modal, 1st place
pleased by ...
- pu'e
- pruce modal, 1st place (in manner 1)
by process ...
- ra'a
- srana modal, 1st place
pertained to by ... (generally more specific).
- ra'i
- krasi modal, 1st place
from source/origin/starting point ...
- rai
- traji modal, 1st place
with superlative ...
- ri'a
- rinka modal, 1st place (phys./mental)
causal because ...
- ri'i
- lifri modal, 1st place patient/passive case tag; happens to...,experienced by...,with passive...
- sau
- sarcu modal, 1st place
requiring ...
- si'u
- sidju modal, 1st place (aiding agent)
aided by ...
- ta'i
- tadji modal, 1st place (in manner 3)
methodically; by method ...
- tai
- tamsmi modal, 1st place (like)/(in manner 2)
resembling ...; sharing ideal form ...
- ti'i
- stidi modal, 1st place
suggested by ...; proposed by ...
- ti'u
- tcika modal, 1st place (for letters)
associated with time ... ; attach time stamp.
- tu'i
- stuzi modal, 1st place (used to situate letters)
associated with site ... ; label with location.
- va'o
- vanbi modal, 1st place (conditions 1)
under conditions ...; in environment ...
- va'u
- xamgu modal, 1st place beneficiary case tag complement
benefiting from ...
- zau
- zanru modal, 1st place
approved by ...
- zu'e
- zukte modal, 1st place (purposed agent)
with goal-seeking actor ...
- ka'ai
- kansa modal, 1 place; with .../with a companion ...
- va'ai
- zvati modal; 1st place (with thing... located somewhere)
- cu'u ko'a
- tagged sumti: can be used for embedded: it-1 said, "...", with editorial unquote and insert.
- ja'enai
- jalge modal, 1st place (event causal)
nevertheless result ...
- ki'u ma
- sumti question asking for a rational explanation/justification; why?.
- ki'unai
- krinu modal, 1st place
despite reason ...
- la'u ma
- sumti question asking for a quantity; how many?.
- me'e ma
- sumti question asking for a name; who?; requires quoted name as an answer.
- mu'i ma
- sumti question asking for a motive; why?.
- mu'inai
- mukti modal, 1st place
despite motive ...
- ni'i ma
- sumti question asking for a logical proof; why?.
- ni'inai
- nibli modal, 1st place
despite logic ...
- pa'aku
- sumti: explicitly marks respective use as in "THEY read THEIR (respective) books".
- pa'aseva'u
- among (with a share for each)
- ri'a ma
- sumti question asking for a physical cause; why?.
- ri'anai
- rinka modal, 1st place (phys./mental)
despite cause ...
- seba'i
- basti modal, 2nd place
instead of ...
- sebai
- bapli modal, 2nd place (forcing result)
compelling event ...
- sebau
- bangu modal, 2nd place (speakers)
in language of speakers ...
- sebe'i
- benji modal, 2nd place (message/cargo)
transmitting ...
- seca'i
- catni modal, 2nd place
authoritatively; with authority over ...
- secau
- claxu modal, 2nd place (lacking)
without ...
- seci'e
- ciste modal, 2nd place
with system function ...
- seci'o
- cinmo modal, 2nd place (shows attitude)
emotionally; emoting ...
- seci'u
- ckilu modal, 2nd place used in scalar negation
on scale measuring ...
- secu'u
- cusku modal, 2nd place (saying)
expressively; expressing ...
- sede'i
- detri modal, 2nd place (for letters)
on the same date as ... ; label with event.
- sedi'o
- diklo modal, 2nd place
locally; at specific locus ...
- sedu'i
- dunli modal, 2nd place (same as 1st);
equal to ... [same as 1st place modal].
- sedu'o
- djuno modal, 2nd place
knowingly; knowing facts ...
- sefa'e
- fatne modal, 2nd place (same as 1st);
backwards; in reversal of ...
- sefi'e
- finti modal, 2nd place
creatively; creating work ...
- sega'a
- zgana modal, 2nd place
observing ...
- segau
- gasnu modal, 2nd place actor/agent case complement; actively; as active agent in doing ...
- seja'e
- jalge modal, 2nd place (event causal)
results because of ...
- seja'enai
- jalge modal, 2nd place (event causal)
results despite ...
- seja'i
- javni modal, 2nd place
orderly; by rule prescribing ...
- seji'e
- jimte modal, 2nd place
limitedly; as a limit of ...
- seji'o
- jitro modal, 2nd place
controlledly; controlling/guiding aspects ...
- seji'u
- jicmu modal, 2nd place (from basis)
supporting ...; as a basis for ...
- seka'a
- klama modal, 2nd place
with destination ...
- seka'i
- krati modal, 2nd place
representingly; on behalf of ...
- sekai
- ckaji modal, 2nd place (quality)
characterized by ...; with property ...
- sekai ma
- sumti question asking for a characteristic property/quality; which?.
- seki'i
- ckini modal, 2nd place (same as 1st)
related to ...
- seki'u
- krinu modal, 2nd place
reason therefore ...
- seki'unai
- krinu modal, 2nd place
reason nevertheless ...
- sekoi
- korbi modal, 2nd place (bounding)
as boundary of ...
- seku'u
- kulnu modal, 2nd place (people)
in culture of ...
- sela'u
- klani modal, 2nd place
in quantity ...; measured as ...
- sele'a
- klesi modal, 2nd place
as a category of/within ...
- seli'e
- lidne modal, 2nd place
preceding ...;leading ... ; non-time sequence.
- sema'e
- marji modal, 2nd place
made of material/composition ...
- sema'i
- manri modal, 2nd place (of reference)
as a reference standard for observing ...
- semau
- zmadu modal, 2nd place (relative!)
more than ...; usually a sumti modifier.
- semaunai
- zmadu modal, 2nd place (relative!)
not more than ...; usually a sumti modifier.
- seme'a
- mleca modal, 2nd place (relative!)
less than ...; usually a sumti modifier.
- seme'anai
- mleca modal, 2nd place (relative!)
not less than ...; usually a sumti modifier.
- seme'e
- cmene modal, 2nd place (the named one)
as a name for ...
- semu'i
- mukti modal, 2nd place
motive therefore ...; motivating action ...
- semu'inai
- mukti modal, 2nd place
motive nevertheless ...
- semu'u
- mupli modal, 2nd place
as an example of property ...
- seni'i
- nibli modal, 2nd place
entails therefore ...
- seni'inai
- nibli modal, 2nd place
entails nevertheless ...
- sepa'a
- panra modal, 2nd place
similarly; similar to ...
- sepa'u
- pagbu modal, 2nd place (whole)
partially; as a part of ...
- sepi'o
- pilno modal, 2nd place (instrumental) tool/machine/apparatus/acting entity;
using (tool) ...
- sepo'i
- porsi modal, 2nd place
sequentially; sequenced by rules ...
- sepu'a
- pluka modal, 2nd place (for)
pleasingly; pleasing ...; in order to please ...
- sepu'e
- pruce modal, 2nd place (inputs)
processing from inputs ...
- sera'a
- srana modal, 2nd place (pertaining to)
relevantly; concerning ... (less specific).
- sera'i
- krasi modal, 2nd place
originally; as an origin/starting point of ...
- serai
- traji modal, 2nd place (property)
-est; most extremely; superlative in ...
- seri'a
- rinka modal, 2nd place (phys./mental)
causal therefore ...
- seri'anai
- rinka modal, 2nd place (phys./mental)
causal nevertheless ...
- seri'i
- lifri modal, 2nd place
experiencing ...; undergoing ...
- sesau
- sarcu modal, 2nd place (process)
necessarily; necessary for ...
- sesi'u
- sidju modal, 2nd place
assisting ... (in doing/maintaining something).
- seta'i
- tadji modal, 2nd place
methodically; as a method for doing ...
- setai
- tamsmi modal, 2nd place
similarly; resembling ... (in ideal form).
- seti'i
- stidi modal, 2nd place
suggestively; suggesting (idea/action) ...
- seti'u
- tcika modal, 2nd place (for letters)
at the same time as ... ; label with event.
- setu'i
- stuzi modal, 2nd place
as a location of ...
- seva'ai
- zvati modal; 2nd place (with temporary location...)
- seva'o
- vanbi modal, 2nd place (environment)
as conditions/environment of/for ...
- seva'u
- xamgu modal, 2nd place beneficiary case tag
for the benefit of...; with beneficiary ...
- sezau
- zanru modal, 2nd place
approvingly; approving ...
- sezu'e
- zukte modal, 2nd place
purposefully; goalfully acting at ...
- ta'i ma
- sumti question asking for a method; how?.
- tebau
- bangu modal, 3rd place (expression)
language expressing ...
- tebe'i
- benji modal, 3rd place (source)
sent to receiver ...
- teca'i
- catni modal, 3rd place
authoritatively; with basis of authority ...
- teci'e
- ciste modal, 3rd place
of system components ...
- teci'o
- cinmo modal, 3rd place (attitude about)
emotionally; emoting about ...
- tecu'u
- cusku modal, 3rd place (3rd party hearsay)
as told to ...
- tede'i
- detri modal, 3rd place
on a date measured at location ...
- tedi'o
- diklo modal, 3rd place
locally; at specific locus within range ...
- tedu'i
- dunli modal, 3rd place
equally; equal in property ...
- tedu'o
- djuno modal, 3rd place
knowingly; knowing about ...
- tefi'e
- finti modal, 3rd place
creatively; created for purpose ...
- tega'a
- zgana modal, 3rd place
observed by means ...
- teja'i
- javni modal, 3rd place
orderly; by rule within system ...
- teji'e
- jimte modal, 3rd place
limitedly; limited in property/domain ...
- teji'o
- jitro modal, 3rd place
controlledly; controlling event ...
- teka'a
- klama modal, 3rd place
with origin ...
- teka'i
- krati modal, 2nd place
representingly; representing in matter...
- teki'i
- ckini modal, 3rd place
with relation ...
- tekoi
- korbi modal, 3rd place (bounding)
bordering ...
- tela'u
- klani modal, 3rd place
quantity measured on scale ...
- tele'a
- klesi modal, 3rd place (category)
defined by quality ...
- teli'e
- lidne modal, 3rd place
ordered within sequence ...; non-time sequence.
- tema'e
- marji modal, 3rd place
in material form ...
- tema'i
- manri modal, 3rd place (of reference)
observed/measured with/by rules ...
- temau
- zmadu modal, 3rd place (relative!)
more than/exceeding in property ...
- teme'a
- mleca modal, 3rd place (relative!)
less than in property ...
- teme'e
- cmene modal, 3rd place
as a name used by ...
- temu'i
- mukti modal, 3rd place
motivated/motivating per the volition of ...
- temu'u
- mupli modal, 3rd place
as an example out of the set of ...
- teni'i
- nibli modal, 3rd place
entailment under logic system ...
- tepa'a
- panra modal, 3rd place (property)
contrastingly; contrasting in property ...
- tepi'o
- pilno modal, 3rd place (instrumental)
a tool usage for purpose ...
- tepo'i
- porsi modal, 3rd place
sequentially; as an order on set of items ...
- tepu'a
- pluka modal, 3rd place
pleasingly; being pleasing under conditions ...
- tepu'e
- pruce modal, 3rd place (outputs)
processing into outputs ...
- terai
- traji modal, 3rd place (superlative)
-est; most extremely; at extreme ...
- teri'a
- rinka modal, 3d place (phys./mental)
causally under conditions ...
- tesau
- sarcu modal, 3rd place (conditions 2)
necessarily; necessarily under ...
- tesi'u
- sidju modal, 3rd place
assisting in doing/maintaining/achieving ...
- teta'i
- tadji modal, 3rd place
methodically doing (something) under conditions ...
- tetai
- tamsmi modal, 3rd place
similarly; sharing common ideal form ...
- teti'i
- stidi modal, 3rd place
suggestively; suggested to ...
- teti'u
- tcika modal, 3rd place (for letters)
as a time on day ...
- teva'u
- xamgu modal, 3rd place
good/beneficial by standard ...
- tezu'e
- zukte modal, 3rd place
purposefully; (as an action) with goal ...
- vebe'i
- benji modal, 4th place
transmit origin ...
- veci'e
- ciste modal, 4th place
as a system with synergy in ...
- vecu'u
- cusku modal, 4th place
in expression medium ...
- vede'i
- detri modal, 4th place
on a date according to calendar ...
- vedu'o
- djuno modal, 4th place
under epistemology ...
- vefi'e
- finti modal, 4th place
creatively; created from ideas/elements ...
- vega'a
- zgana modal, 4th place (under conditions)
observed under observing conditions ...
- veka'a
- klama modal, 4th place
via route ...
- vemau
- zmadu modal, 4th place (relative!)
more than/exceeding by amount ...
- veme'a
- mleca modal, 4th place (relative!)
less than by amount ...
- vepa'a
- panra modal, 4nd place (standard/geometry)
similarly; similar by standard ...
- vepu'e
- pruce modal, 4th place (set of stages)
passing through processing stages ...
- verai
- traji modal, 4th place (set)
-est; most extremely; superlative among ...
- vetai
- tamsmi modal, 4th place
similarly; sharing ideal form in property ...
- veti'u
- tcika modal, 4th place (for letters)
as a time at location ...
- xebe'i
- benji modal, 5th place (medium)
transmitted via ...
- xeka'a
- klama modal, 5th place
by transport mode ...
In notes:
- bapli
- x1 [force] (ka) forces/compels event x2 to occur; x1 determines property x2 to manifest.
- mukti
- x1 (action/event/state) motivates/is a motive/incentive for action/event x2, per volition of x3.
- tasmi
- x1 is the way or manner in which activity/event x2 is done/happens