s1=c1 is a linguistic-gesture unit/chereme [in analogy with phoneme; specifically, nonvocal] representing/that is recognized meaningful conceptual subunit underlying specific gestures/gesture-phones s2 in language b1 used by b2 in order to communicate/express b3=c2 (si'o/du'u; not quote) made using body part/utensil/tool/locus c3 by motion/action/means c4
s1 (phone/speech sounds; specifically is linguistic and vocal) is a phoneme in/of segment of utterance/speech stream s2=v1 in language b1 of speaker v2=b2 in order to communicate/express b3 (si'o/du'u; not quote(?)), produced with body-parts/tools x6 at loci/in position/manner (of articulation) x7
x1=c1 (zo) is a cmavo with a predicate role or semantic structure which expresses predicate x2=b1 (quote/du'u) between arguments x3=b3 (ordered list), the said cmavo being of form or in category/class x4=c2 in/and belonging to language/dialect x5=c3.
x1=v1 is an authoritative document of x2=v2 (data/facts/du'u) about x3=v3 (object/event) preserved in medium x4=v4, by authority x5=c1 over matter/sphere/persons x6=c2 derived on basis x7=c3.
cu1=ct1 is a textbook for teaching ideas/methods ct3 (du'u), by author cu3 for audience cu4=ct2 about subject(s) ct4 by method ct5, preserved in medium cu5.
c1 is an/the accounting function/activities involving persons c2, using currency issued by j2, recording v2
(data/facts/du'u) about v3 (object/event); c1 is accounting.
x1=fadni1=tugni1=tugni2 (set/group of people) have consensus agreement that x2=tugni3 (du'u) is true about matter/topic x3=tugni4, consensus having been formed among supergroup/superset x4=fadni3 (group/set of persons which includes all of x1) according to standard x5.
x1 (event/state) implies / suggests / is circumstantial evidence for x2 (du'u); the probability that x2 is true, given x1, is greater than the probability without x1
x1 does not know that fact(s) x2 (du'u), which are about subject x3, are false by epistemology x4 / it is consistent with x1's knowledge that x2 may be true
x1 is a logical 'NOT' statement resulting from the (multiplicative) negation of/applying the 'NOT' operator to x2 (du'u); x1 is the logical negation/negative of x2.
j1=r1 is a thesis statement/main argument/most significant among arguments r2 (set/name of essay/work), about/for stand j2=d2 (du'u) against d3 (du'u), by arguer d1 in language j3.
x1 is a material conditional/'IF' statement (logical statement) saying that x2 (du'u) logically implies x3 (du'u) ("x3 is true if x2 is true; if x2, then x3; x2 being true is sufficient to guarantee the truth of x3").
x1 = sitna1 = utka1
cites/quotes/refers to/makes reference to a source, which itself/who themself cites/quotes/refers to/makes reference to a source, which itself/who themself in turn cites/quotes/refers to/makes reference to source, ..., which itself/who themself cites/quotes/refers to/makes reference to source x2 = sitna2 = utka2, via intermediate path-connecting steps x3 = utka3 (ordered list; ce'o), all for the same information/statement x4 = sitna3 (du'u).
x1 is a logical statement of proposition-equivalence/is a biconditional/'IFF' statement saying that x2 (du'u) is true if and only if x3 is true ("x2 is logically equivalent to x3; x2 being true is sufficient and necessary for guaranteeing the truth of x3; x2 iff x3").
x1 is a pidgin/Creole language/dialect formed from reduction and conmingling of superstrate languages including x2, used by x3 in order to express/communicate x4 (si'o/du'u; not quote)
Named reference. It converts a sumti into another sumti. The converted sumti points to the referent the name of which is the referent of the unconverted sumti.
head-final content clause relativizer: it turns the current clause into a subordinate content clause, binds it to the {ke'a} pronoun, and restart the current clause afresh (as if its previous content was erased or moved into a hidden prenex).
Echo-resumptive construction initiator: This particle immediately precedes a verb word (selbrivla) which is a repetition of a verb that already occurred in the same sentence in an outer clause level; the combination of this particle and that echo verb acts like a terminator, signaling a return to the closest clause level whose main verb was the same as the provided echo verb.