On grammatical class:
- bi'u
- discursive: newly introduced information - previously introduced information.
- jo'a
- discursive: metalinguistic affirmer.
- kau
- discursive: marks word serving as focus of indirect question: "I know WHO went to the store".
- li'o
- discursive: omitted text (quoted material).
- na'i
- discursive: metalinguistic negator.
- pau
- discursive: optional question premarker.
- sa'a
- discursive: material inserted by editor/narrator (bracketed text).
- ta'u
- discursive: expanding the tanru - making a tanru.
- bi'a
- emphasis indicator; indicates the previous word is especially emphasized
- ge'ei
- metasyntactic variable marker
- li'oi
- marks word/construct as being optional, i.e. the bridi would still be both grammatical AND reflect the speakers opinion/intention would the marked construct be left out
- ra'ei
- semi-discursive: and so forth, and so on, et cetera, continuing similarly
- uei
- discursive: optional answer premarker
- uoi
- discursive: marks question construct as allowing filling it with answers that are non-referential constructs only
- va'oi
- discursive: forces jvajvo reading of the preceding brivla; +nai: forces naljvajvo reading of the preceding brivla.
- zi'a
- nonce-word indicator; indicates previous word is nonce-creation and may be nonstandard
- zi'ai
- jargon word indicator; indicates previous word is a jargon word